Ludwig Wittgenstein
Wittgenstein was born in Vienna to a very wealthy family. He was the same age as Adolf Hitler; they both attended the same school for a while and probably knew each other. He was brought up as Catholic, lost his faith in God while at achool, but later returned to Christianity. He sometimes referred to himself in later as Jewish, having had three grandparents of Jewish descent. Three of his brothers committed suicide, and Ludwig gave away the large legacy he had inherited.
Wittgenstein studied mechanical engineering at the Technical University in Berlin, and went to Manchester University (then the Victoria University of Manchester) in 1908 to do a doctorate in aeronautics. Becoming interested in mathematical logic, he went to Cambridge to study under Bertrand Russell.