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Unreferenced|date=December 2006
'''Gay Star'' and ''upstart''' were influential gay magazines published in [[Northern Ireland]] between the period 1969 and 2001.

==Earlier publications: ''Gay Forum'' and ''Northern Gay''==
The first Gay publication was ''Burnt Offering'', also published as ''Gay Forum'', both in 1974, more of a manifesto-cum-pamphlet, than a journal.  Brian Gilmore produced, a ''GLS Information Sheet'' on a weekly (term-time) basis for years.  A formal ‘official’ publication was felt necessary, and Brian Gilmore became editor of ''NIGRA News'', and then a member of the Collective that produced ''Northern Gay''.  Others in the Collective were, Jeff Dudgeon, a regular contributor to all of Northern Ireland’s Gay magazines, John Lyttle, Stella Mahon of [[Sappho]] a short story writer, and employee of the Open University, Richard Kennedy then-President of NIGRA, and Michael Workman, who became a BBC journalist.

These two journals were information sheets, but also carried in-depth articles, ''Northern Gay'' tended to have thematic editions on, for example, ‘coming out’, the law, and women’s issues.  Due to out-migration, a factor in Gay and general Ulster life for decades, the Collective dissolved.  

==''Gay Star''==
''Gay Star'' succeeded ''Northern Gay'', and the first four editions were edited by Peter Brooke {see Peter Brooke’s website}, then by Seán McGouran and Terry McFarlane.  ''Gay Star'' was a magazine for a new period, after the extension of the relevant sections “insulting and discriminatory”, as NIGRA called it, [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] (as the Homosexual Offences Order in Council 1982.  It was the first time the word “homosexual” appeared in the laws of the [[United Kingdom]], which has three independent legal systems: [English and Welsh law, Scots law and Northern Ireland law)
 
''Gay Star'' became less news-oriented (it was essentially a quarterly), and carried articles, verse, graphics and other art-work by a large number of, mostly local, people.  It was an attempt to produce a journal at a very high level to let those who lived outside of a deeply troubled area learn that our community had a great deal to offer our own, Ireland  and [[Great Britain]]’s, and even the world’s Gay community.

There were articles by Anthony Weir, Jeff Dudgeon, John Donaghy, Bob St Cyr (New York), Jay Jones (Milwaukee).  There were also (comparatively) learned articles by Douglas Sobey, Robert Walsh of the University of Ulster, Graham Walker, Vincent Geoghegan, Norman Stevenson, and John W. Cairns, QUB.  Other major contributors were Tim Clarke, Stephen Birkett and Gabriel Burns.
  
Verse was published on a regular basis, by Kate O’Donnell, Sylvia Sands, Anthony Weir, Peter Brooke, Kenneth Pobo, George Gott, [[Ivor C Treby]], and others. There were also stories by John Gallas, Rod Dungate, and Ralph Berlin.
  
Graphics and art work, including front covers of ''Gay Star'' were contributed by Rose Anne McGreevy, Malcolm Ryan, Damian McCourt, Paul Diver, Kevin Maxwell, and others.  Articles on different aspects of music, (modern ‘classical’ by way of Diamanda Galás, to disco) by Martin Hewson, Alistair Kerr and Richard Lyttle were published).  There were regular reviews of books, (including agitational pamphlets, novels, and factual material), theatre and cinema, by the editors, persons with particular expertise, as well as Jo-Dan, Verrucht, and Aelfric.
''Gay Star'' was sold, in independent bookshops all over and Ireland and Great Britain, and had subscribers in mainland Europe, America and Australia.

==''upstart''== 
''upstart'' grew out of the news sheet ''Update'' started in 1985, the latter produced because of police harassment, the fact that the management of the Europa hotel were purging its Gay clientele, (but refused to own up to it), and most seriously the realisation that Northern Ireland was not immune to the HI virus.  ''Gay Star'' was ‘privatised’ in 1989, and lasted until 1991, being replaced by an enlarged version of ''upstart''.  The union [[Unison]] printed it for most of the 1990s, but this situation came to an end, and the publication – which in most ways took up where ''Gay Star'' had left off – was last produced in 2001.

''upstart'' is shortly to be resurrected as an electronic magazine.

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==Catch for Deleted Content==

Placed here for easy retrieval when/if it's necessary. sthomson 01:18, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Gay Star and GAY publishing came comparatively late to Northern Ireland. The first credible Gay group founded in the region was a branch of the Committee (later Campaign) for Homosexual Equality, in January 1969. It had a ‘welfare’ arm called the Elmwood Trust, which had among its Trustees the current head of the (Anglican) Church of Ireland, Archbishop Robin Eames, and the renowned poet John Hewitt. CHE did not flourish for a number of reasons chief among them being that Northern Ireland plunged into civil war in the course of 1969 / 1970.

In 1972 GLF (the Gay Liberation Front was set up by Andy Hinds (now a theatre director), Maeve Malley was also involved. It became a recognised student society of Queen’s University Belfast (QUB), Student Union, not without controversy, as the GLS – Gay Liberation Society. GLF absorbed CHE, an unusual situation, where the more radical group was larger than the less radically-inclined. This may account for the Northern Ireland Gay Rights Association - NIGRA’s flexibility over the years.

It was set up in 1975, and included GLF, women’s Sappho groups in Belfast, Craigavon and Derry / Londonderry, the NICRH (NI Council on Religion and Homosexuality), and a group for transsexuals and transvestites (later called the Belfast Butterfly Club). Youth groups as such came and went, but currently there is Glyni (Gay and Lesbian Youth NI), there has never been a bisexual group, despite a considerable number of individual bisexual people being involved in the movement, especially in the early days.