Difference between revisions of "Northern Ireland"

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{{Northern_Ireland_Map|float=right|width=400}}'''Northern Ireland''' is one of the four countries making up the [[United Kingdom]]. It came into being with the partition of Ireland in 1921, comprising six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster. For the next 50 years it had its own devolved government and parliament, but these were abolished in 1973. From 1973 to 1998 Northern Ireland was ruled directly from London, but since 1998 it has had its own power-sharing executive and assembly.
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{{Northern_Ireland_Map|float=right|width=400}}'''Northern Ireland''' is one of the four countries making up the [[United Kingdom]]. It came into being with the partition of Ireland in 1921, comprising six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster. For the next 50 years it had its own devolved government and parliament, but these were abolished in 1973. From 1973 to 1998 Northern Ireland was ruled directly from London, but since 1998 it has had its own power-sharing executive and assembly. The assemply was suspended from 1917 to 2020, leaving legislation for Northern Ireland in the hands of the UK Parliament, which legislated duuring theis time to insitute same-sex marriage, as in the rest of the United Kingdom.
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==Local government==
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===The six counties===
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The historic six counties, the basis of local government until 1973, are still recognised for various purposes:
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*[[County Antrim]] (including [[Belfast]])
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*[[County Armagh]]
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*[[County Down]]
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*[[County Fermanagh]]
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*[[County Londonderry]] / County Derry
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*[[County Tyrone]].
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===Post-1973 districts===
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From 1973 to 2015 Northern Ireland was divided into [[Northern Ireland Post-1973 districts|26 districts]] for local government purposes, replacing the historic six counties.
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===Current council areas===
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[[File:NI11w.jpg|thumb|400px|Northern Ireland showing 11 new districts]]
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Under the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 2008, the 26 districts were reduced to 11 with effect from 1 April 2015:<ref>http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/local-government-structure</ref>
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# [[Belfast]]
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# [[North Down and Ards]]
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# [[Antrim and Newtownabbey]]
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# [[Lisburn and Castlereagh]]
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# [[Newry, Mourne and Down]]
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# [[Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon]]
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# [[Mid and East Antrim]]
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# [[Causeway Coast and Glens]]
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# [[Mid Ulster]]
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# [[Derry and Strabane]]
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# [[Fermanagh and Omagh]]
  
 
==Main towns and cities==
 
==Main towns and cities==
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*[[Antrim]]
 
*[[Antrim]]
 
*[[Enniskillen]]
 
*[[Enniskillen]]
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==Local government==
 
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Northern Ireland currently comprses 26 districts for local government purposes, but the historic six counties, the basis of local government until 1973, are still recognised for various purposes:
 
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*[[Antrim]] (including [[Belfast]])
 
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*[[Armagh]]
 
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*[[Down]]
 
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*[[Fermanagh]]
 
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*[[County Londonderry|Londonderry]] / [[County Londonderry|Derry]]
 
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*[[Tyrone]].
 
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==New council areas==
 
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[[File:NorthernIrelandNumberedproposed.png|thumb|400px|Northern Ireland showing 11 new districts]]
 
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Under the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 2008, the 26 districts are to be reduced to 11:<ref>http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/local-government-structure</ref>
 
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# Belfast
 
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# North Down and Ards
 
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# Antrim and Newtownabbey
 
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# Lisburn and Castlereagh
 
−
# Newry, Mourne and Down
 
−
# Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon
 
−
# Mid and East Antrim
 
−
# Causeway Coast and Glens
 
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# Mid Ulster
 
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# Derry and Strabane
 
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# Fermanagh and Omagh
 
  
 
==LGBT history==
 
==LGBT history==
  
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Northern Ireland was left out of the [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] and sex between men remained illegal until the [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]] which set an age of consent of 21, the same as in the rest of the UK at that time. There had been a previous attempt at decriminalisation, via the [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1978]], but this had failed because "a substantial body of opinion" in the province was opposed to it.<ref>[[Paul Johnson]], ''Homosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights, Page 97</ref>
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Northern Ireland was left out of the [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] and sex between men remained illegal until the [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]] which set an age of consent of 21, the same as in the rest of the UK at that time. There had been a previous attempt at decriminalisation, via the draft [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1978]], but this had failed because "a substantial body of opinion" in the province was opposed to it.<ref>[[Paul Johnson]], ''Homosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights, Page 97</ref>
  
 
The change was a result of the judgement in the [[European Court of Human Rights]] case of [[Dudgeon v United Kingdom (1981)]] in which the ECtHR held that a prohibition on homosexual acts was a breach of Article 8 of the Convention.
 
The change was a result of the judgement in the [[European Court of Human Rights]] case of [[Dudgeon v United Kingdom (1981)]] in which the ECtHR held that a prohibition on homosexual acts was a breach of Article 8 of the Convention.
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In Northern Ireland unmarried couples, and civil partners, are not allowed to apply for [[adoption]]. This ban was ruled unlawful in 2012.<ref>http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/10/18/northern-ireland-gay-adoption-ban-ruled-unlawful/</ref>
 
In Northern Ireland unmarried couples, and civil partners, are not allowed to apply for [[adoption]]. This ban was ruled unlawful in 2012.<ref>http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/10/18/northern-ireland-gay-adoption-ban-ruled-unlawful/</ref>
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In January 2017 the Northern Ireland assembly was suspended following failure to reach agreement between the two main parties. The issue of same-sex marriage has been one of the points of difference between the parties.
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On 9 July 2019, the House of Commons voted by 383 to 73 in favour of introducing same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland.<ref>Reiss Smith, [https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/07/09/northern-ireland-bill-gay-marriage-equal-amendment-wins/ "MPs vote for equal marriage in Northern Ireland"], ''Pink News'', 9 July 2019.</ref> The first same-sex marriages in Norhtern Ireland took place in February 2020.
  
 
==LGBT resources==
 
==LGBT resources==
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Northern Ireland has had its own LGBT magazines, for instance [[Gay Star]] and [[Upstart]], and more recently [[MyGayZine]].
 
Northern Ireland has had its own LGBT magazines, for instance [[Gay Star]] and [[Upstart]], and more recently [[MyGayZine]].
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==References==
 
==References==

Latest revision as of 12:21, 23 August 2021

Northern Ireland: the historic six counties plus the two former county boroughs. Click on any blue name for the article in question.
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries making up the United Kingdom. It came into being with the partition of Ireland in 1921, comprising six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster. For the next 50 years it had its own devolved government and parliament, but these were abolished in 1973. From 1973 to 1998 Northern Ireland was ruled directly from London, but since 1998 it has had its own power-sharing executive and assembly. The assemply was suspended from 1917 to 2020, leaving legislation for Northern Ireland in the hands of the UK Parliament, which legislated duuring theis time to insitute same-sex marriage, as in the rest of the United Kingdom.

Local government

The six counties

The historic six counties, the basis of local government until 1973, are still recognised for various purposes:

Post-1973 districts

From 1973 to 2015 Northern Ireland was divided into 26 districts for local government purposes, replacing the historic six counties.

Current council areas

Northern Ireland showing 11 new districts

Under the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 2008, the 26 districts were reduced to 11 with effect from 1 April 2015:[1]

  1. Belfast
  2. North Down and Ards
  3. Antrim and Newtownabbey
  4. Lisburn and Castlereagh
  5. Newry, Mourne and Down
  6. Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon
  7. Mid and East Antrim
  8. Causeway Coast and Glens
  9. Mid Ulster
  10. Derry and Strabane
  11. Fermanagh and Omagh

Main towns and cities

LGBT history

Northern Ireland was left out of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 and sex between men remained illegal until the Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 which set an age of consent of 21, the same as in the rest of the UK at that time. There had been a previous attempt at decriminalisation, via the draft Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1978, but this had failed because "a substantial body of opinion" in the province was opposed to it.[2]

The change was a result of the judgement in the European Court of Human Rights case of Dudgeon v United Kingdom (1981) in which the ECtHR held that a prohibition on homosexual acts was a breach of Article 8 of the Convention.

The age of consent for gay male sexual conduct was lowered to 18 under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 so as to be in line with England and Wales). The age of consent was lowered again to 17 for gay male sexual conduct to be in line with heterosexual and lesbian sexual conduct, by the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000, Section 1.

In 2008 the age of consent for all individuals was lowered to 16 under the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008 so it is now in line with the rest of the UK.

In October 2012, a motion calling for equal marriage was rejected by the Northern Ireland Assembly.[3]

In Northern Ireland unmarried couples, and civil partners, are not allowed to apply for adoption. This ban was ruled unlawful in 2012.[4]

In January 2017 the Northern Ireland assembly was suspended following failure to reach agreement between the two main parties. The issue of same-sex marriage has been one of the points of difference between the parties.

On 9 July 2019, the House of Commons voted by 383 to 73 in favour of introducing same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland.[5] The first same-sex marriages in Norhtern Ireland took place in February 2020.

LGBT resources

The main LGBT campaigning organisation in Northern Ireland is the Northern Ireland Gay Rights Association (NIGRA), founded 1975.

Gay and Lesbian Youth Northern Ireland have a list of LGBT groups on their website.[6]

The Rainbow Project claims to be the largest LGB&T organisation in Northern Ireland,[7] and publishes a list of LGBT groups.[8]

QueerSpace is a volunteer-led organisation serving Northern Ireland's LGBT community.

Cara-Friend provides information, support, and befriending.

Northern Ireland has had its own LGBT magazines, for instance Gay Star and Upstart, and more recently MyGayZine.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/local-government-structure
  2. ↑ Paul Johnson, Homosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights, Page 97
  3. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-19780261 BBC News item
  4. ↑ http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/10/18/northern-ireland-gay-adoption-ban-ruled-unlawful/
  5. ↑ Reiss Smith, "MPs vote for equal marriage in Northern Ireland", Pink News, 9 July 2019.
  6. ↑ http://glyni.org.uk/n-i-community-and-rights/lgbt-groups/
  7. ↑ http://www.rainbow-project.org/aboutus
  8. ↑ http://www.rainbow-project.org/assets/publications/lgbt%20directory.pdf (PDF file)
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