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	<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Samuel_Butler</id>
	<title>Samuel Butler - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Samuel_Butler"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-07-17T07:39:58Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.45.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=54952&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LGBT-HP: Fix bare &lt;references&gt; tag: MW 1.45.1 Cite requires self-closing &lt;references/&gt;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=54952&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-10T13:10:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Fix bare &amp;lt;references&amp;gt; tag: MW 1.45.1 Cite requires self-closing &amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:10, 10 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LGBT-HP</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=38694&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess at 18:14, 1 May 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=38694&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-05-01T18:14:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:14, 1 May 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Artists]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1835 births]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1835 births]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28270&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess at 16:33, 10 May 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28270&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-10T16:33:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:33, 10 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg|thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satire) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Way of All Flesh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a semi-autobiographical novel, published posthumously. (He should not to be confused with the 17th century poet of the same name, author of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hudibras.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg|thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satire) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Way of All Flesh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a semi-autobiographical novel, published posthumously. (He should not to be confused with the 17th century poet of the same name, author of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hudibras.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler&#039;s father was a clergyman, and his grandfather, Dr Samuel Butler, was Headmster of [[Shrewsbury &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Schoo&lt;/del&gt;]] and Bishop of [[Lichfield]]. Butler was also originally intended for the priesthood, but questioned his faith and thereby fell out with his father. He then emigrated to New Zealand and became a sheep farmer. He returned to England in 1864.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler&#039;s father was a clergyman, and his grandfather, Dr Samuel Butler, was Headmster of [[Shrewsbury]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;School &lt;/ins&gt;and Bishop of [[Lichfield]]. Butler was also originally intended for the priesthood, but questioned his faith and thereby fell out with his father. He then emigrated to New Zealand and became a sheep farmer. He returned to England in 1864.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler never married. He had a number of intense though probably platonic relationships with men, including his biographer, [[Henry Festing Jones]]. Butler and Jones regularly visited the same prostitute: according to Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Even the scheduled excursions into heterosexual sex functioned less to relieve the sexual tension of bachelorhood than to act out the intense same-sex desire for one&amp;#039;s daily companions... In characteristic Victorian fashion, then, these men ... perform[ed] their sexual bond through the body of a woman.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Samuel Butler as Late-Victorian Bachelor:  Regulating and Representing the Homoerotic&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler:  Victorian against the Grain, a Critical Overview&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,  Ed James G Paradis, University of Toronto Press, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler never married. He had a number of intense though probably platonic relationships with men, including his biographer, [[Henry Festing Jones]]. Butler and Jones regularly visited the same prostitute: according to Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Even the scheduled excursions into heterosexual sex functioned less to relieve the sexual tension of bachelorhood than to act out the intense same-sex desire for one&amp;#039;s daily companions... In characteristic Victorian fashion, then, these men ... perform[ed] their sexual bond through the body of a woman.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Samuel Butler as Late-Victorian Bachelor:  Regulating and Representing the Homoerotic&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler:  Victorian against the Grain, a Critical Overview&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,  Ed James G Paradis, University of Toronto Press, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28269&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess at 16:33, 10 May 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28269&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-10T16:33:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:33, 10 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg|thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satire) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Way of All Flesh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a semi-autobiographical novel, published posthumously. (He should not to be confused with the 17th century poet of the same name, author of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hudibras.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg|thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satire) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Way of All Flesh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a semi-autobiographical novel, published posthumously. (He should not to be confused with the 17th century poet of the same name, author of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hudibras.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler&#039;s father was a clergyman, and his grandfather, Dr Samuel Butler, was Headmster of Shrewsbury &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;School &lt;/del&gt;and Bishop of Lichfield. Butler was also originally intended for the priesthood, but questioned his faith and thereby fell out with his father. He then emigrated to New Zealand and became a sheep farmer. He returned to England in 1864.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler&#039;s father was a clergyman, and his grandfather, Dr Samuel Butler, was Headmster of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Shrewsbury &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Schoo]] &lt;/ins&gt;and Bishop of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Lichfield&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;. Butler was also originally intended for the priesthood, but questioned his faith and thereby fell out with his father. He then emigrated to New Zealand and became a sheep farmer. He returned to England in 1864.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler never married. He had a number of intense though probably platonic relationships with men, including his biographer, [[Henry Festing Jones]]. Butler and Jones regularly visited the same prostitute: according to Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Even the scheduled excursions into heterosexual sex functioned less to relieve the sexual tension of bachelorhood than to act out the intense same-sex desire for one&amp;#039;s daily companions... In characteristic Victorian fashion, then, these men ... perform[ed] their sexual bond through the body of a woman.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Samuel Butler as Late-Victorian Bachelor:  Regulating and Representing the Homoerotic&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler:  Victorian against the Grain, a Critical Overview&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,  Ed James G Paradis, University of Toronto Press, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Butler never married. He had a number of intense though probably platonic relationships with men, including his biographer, [[Henry Festing Jones]]. Butler and Jones regularly visited the same prostitute: according to Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Even the scheduled excursions into heterosexual sex functioned less to relieve the sexual tension of bachelorhood than to act out the intense same-sex desire for one&amp;#039;s daily companions... In characteristic Victorian fashion, then, these men ... perform[ed] their sexual bond through the body of a woman.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Samuel Butler as Late-Victorian Bachelor:  Regulating and Representing the Homoerotic&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler:  Victorian against the Grain, a Critical Overview&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,  Ed James G Paradis, University of Toronto Press, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28268&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess at 16:32, 10 May 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=28268&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-05-10T16:32:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:32, 10 May 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:1835 births]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:1835 births]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=22368&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess: /* References */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=22368&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-12-31T10:55:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:55, 31 December 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:1835 births]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=19002&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess at 09:51, 5 November 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=19002&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-11-05T09:51:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:51, 5 November 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:1902 deaths]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=8149&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ross Burgess: Created page with &quot;Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23&#039;&#039;&#039;Samuel Butler&#039;&#039;&#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &#039;&#039;Erewhon&#039;&#039; (a utopian satir...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lgbthistoryuk.org/index.php?title=Samuel_Butler&amp;diff=8149&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-08-10T17:07:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/File:Samuel_Butler_1858.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg&quot;&gt;thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satir...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Samuel Butler 1858.jpg|thumb|Samuel Butler in 1858, aged 23]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1835–1902) was an English novelist, chiefly remembered for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Erewhon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a utopian satire) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Way of All Flesh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a semi-autobiographical novel, published posthumously. (He should not to be confused with the 17th century poet of the same name, author of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hudibras.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Butler&amp;#039;s father was a clergyman, and his grandfather, Dr Samuel Butler, was Headmster of Shrewsbury School and Bishop of Lichfield. Butler was also originally intended for the priesthood, but questioned his faith and thereby fell out with his father. He then emigrated to New Zealand and became a sheep farmer. He returned to England in 1864.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Butler never married. He had a number of intense though probably platonic relationships with men, including his biographer, [[Henry Festing Jones]]. Butler and Jones regularly visited the same prostitute: according to Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Even the scheduled excursions into heterosexual sex functioned less to relieve the sexual tension of bachelorhood than to act out the intense same-sex desire for one&amp;#039;s daily companions... In characteristic Victorian fashion, then, these men ... perform[ed] their sexual bond through the body of a woman.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Herbert Sussman, &amp;quot;Samuel Butler as Late-Victorian Bachelor:  Regulating and Representing the Homoerotic&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler:  Victorian against the Grain, a Critical Overview&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,  Ed James G Paradis, University of Toronto Press, 2007.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1895 Butler wrote a poem entitled &amp;quot;In Memoriam H R F&amp;quot; (on the occasion of a young friend of Butler and Jones emigrating to Singapore) and submitted it to several magazines, but got it withdrawn when [[Oscar Wilde]]&amp;#039;s trial began, fearing that it would identify him as homosexual.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Henry Festing Jones, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902): A Memoir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.  Macmillan, 1920.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Novelists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ross Burgess</name></author>
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